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| http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.34.108.17999 | DOI Listing |
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Deep learning algorithms reveal increased social activity in rats at the onset of the dark phase of the light/dark cycle.
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Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
The rapid decrease of light intensity is a potent stimulus of rats' activity. The nature of this activity, including the character of social behavior and the composition of concomitant ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), is unknown. Using deep learning algorithms, this study aimed to examine the social life of rat pairs kept in semi-natural conditions and observed during the transitions between light and dark, as well as between dark and light periods.
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Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address:
HPV infection and the type of host microbiota play a role in the formation of HNCs. In contrast to other forms of OSCC, where the relationship between HPV and the cancer is less obvious, HPV-HNSCC is a particular type of oropharyngeal cancer. HPV has infected a stratified squamous epithelium, which includes the throat, mouth, anogenital tract, respiratory tract, and skin on the hands and feet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of the external genitals in female human embryos and foetuses. Part 2: Vaginal vestibule, anal canal, perineal raphe and perineal cutaneous muscles.
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Concomitant with the rupture of the cloacal membrane, the perineal skin epithelium thickens (see accompanying article). In this study, we establish in female embryos and foetuses that the thick skin area divides into ventral and dorsal areas at ~14 weeks and gradually becomes restricted to the vaginal vestibule and anal canal thereafter. The dense mesenchymal core of the labia minora, which forms at ~8 weeks, extends dorsally to the anal canal as a midline reinforcement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses Evaluating Associations between Human Health and Exposure to Major Classes of Plastic-Associated Chemicals.
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Epidemiological research investigating the impact of exposure to plastics, and plastic-associated chemicals, on human health is critical, especially given exponentially increasing plastic production. In parallel with increasing production, academic research has also increased exponentially both in terms of the primary literature and ensuing systematic reviews with meta-analysis. However, there are few overviews that capture a broad range of chemical classes to present a state of play regarding impacts on human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsing targeted fetal rat testis genomic and endocrine alterations to predict the effects of a phthalate mixture on the male reproductive tract.
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Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, PHITD, CPHEA, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27703, United States.
Administration of phthalates disrupts gene expression and hormone levels in the fetal rat testis, which are key events in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for the Phthalate Syndrome. These measures can be used to predict the postnatal adverse effects of phthalate esters (PEs) on male rat sexual differentiation. Here, pregnant rats were exposed to dibutyl (DBP)- and diisononyl (DINP) phthalate on gestational days 14 to 18 individually and as a mixture (DBP,250 mg/kg/d; DINP, 750 mg/kg/d; and DBP 250 mg/kg/d plus DINP 750 mg/kg/d).
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