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Neonatal testosterone voids sexually differentiated microglia morphology and behavior.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
March 2023
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
The involvement of immunity in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, is typified by the morphologic adaptation of microglia, immune cells of the brain, to anxiogenic stimuli. We previously reported sexually differentiated microglia morphology in adult rodents, in brain locations implicated in anxiety, including the pre-frontal cortex. These physiologic differences likely drive sex-dependent patterns of microglia morphologic remodeling in response to varied stress conditions in different periods of life, that correlate with sex-dependent behavioral adaptation to anxiogenic stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA Methylation and Demethylation Underlie the Sex Difference in Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Arcuate Nucleus.
Neuroendocrinology
July 2022
Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Introduction: Neurons expressing estrogen receptor (ER) ɑ in the arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus sex-specifically control energy homeostasis, sexual behavior, and bone density. Females have more ERɑ neurons in the VMH and ARC than males, and the sex difference in the VMH is eliminated by neonatal treatment with testosterone or a DNA methylation inhibitor.
Objective: Here, we tested the roles of testosterone and DNA methylation/demethylation in development of ERɑ in the ARC.
A dual kisspeptin-GnRH immunogen for reproductive immunosterilization.
Vaccine
October 2021
Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gezina 0084, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address:
GnRH immunogens have been extensively employed in immunocontraception of animals. While they are effective, they are not 100% efficacious and of limited duration. GnRH secretion is dependent on upstream stimulation by kisspeptin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs there an association between prostate-specific antigen and androgen levels in 46, XX patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
J Pediatr Urol
August 2021
Multidisciplinary Clinic for Disorders of Sexual Development, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address:
Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a genetic disease characterized by defective cortisol synthesis and excessive levels of sex hormones, can cause precocious puberty in both sexes in untreated individuals and virilization in female patients with a 46, XX karyotype. The female paraurethral (Skene's) gland has been reported as prostate analogous. Growth of prostate tissue is associated with androgen production; therefore, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may represent a marker of virilization in 46, XX patients with CAH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly estradiol exposure masculinizes disease-relevant behaviors in female mice.
Eur J Neurosci
April 2021
Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Most psychiatric disorders show a sex bias in incidence, symptomatology, and/or response to treatment. Males are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit activity disorder, while women are more prone to major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders after puberty. A striking difference between males and females in humans and other mammals is that males undergo a process of brain masculinization due to the early exposure to gonadal hormones.
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