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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02860 | DOI Listing |
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Squamate reptiles may have compensated for the lack of γδTCR with a duplication of the TRB locus.
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Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Squamate reptiles are amongst the most successful terrestrial vertebrate lineages, with over 10,000 species across a broad range of ecosystems. Despite their success, squamates are also amongst the least studied lineages immunologically. Recently, a universal lack of γδ T cells in squamates due to deletions of the genes encoding the T cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ chains was discovered.
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Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
The adaptive immune system generates a diverse array of B-cell receptors through the processes of V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation. B-cell receptors that bind to an antigen will undergo clonal expansion, creating a Darwinian evolutionary dynamic within individuals. A key step in studying these dynamics is to identify sequences derived from the same ancestral V(D)J recombination event (i.
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The CRISPR/Cas9 system has transformed genome editing by enabling precise modifications for diverse applications. Recent advancements, including base editing and prime editing, have expanded its utility beyond conventional gene knock-out and knock-in strategies. Additionally, several catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) proteins fused to distinct activation domains have been developed to modulate endogenous gene expression when directed to their regulatory regions by specific single-guide RNAs.
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NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
The first genome-wide significant multiple sclerosis severity locus, rs10191329, has been pathologically linked to cortical lesion load and brain atrophy. However, observational cohorts such as MSBase have not replicated associations with disability outcomes, instead finding other loci. We evaluated rs10191329 and MSBase loci in a unique cohort of 53 people followed for 30 years after a clinically isolated syndrome, with deep clinical phenotyping and MRI measures of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multiorgan autoimmune disorder. Although it is widely believed that SLE originates from immune cell dysregulation, the etiology of SLE is not yet clear. Here, we propose a new theory in which SLE can be directly initiated by molecular alterations in keratinocytes rather than immune cells.
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