The relationships between orexins and stress-related conditions have been well documented in animal studies. However, human studies confirming this relationship are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between orexin-A and anxiety disorders in adolescents. Additionally, we aimed to examine the relationship between orexin-A and cortisol levels in those with anxiety disorders. A total of 56 medication-free adolescents diagnosed with any anxiety disorder, except for specific phobias, and 32 healthy controls were included in this study. Depression, state and trait anxiety levels of the participants were measured using self-report scales. Orexin-A and cortisol levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that serum orexin-A levels were significantly higher in the anxiety disorder group than in the control group while controlling for age, sex and depression levels. After controlling for age and sex, orexin-A levels were positively and negatively correlated to depression and cortisol levels, respectively. In addition, a positive correlation trend between trait anxiety and orexin-A was found. Orexin-A levels are higher in adolescents with anxiety disorder; however, depressive symptoms should be considered when investigating this relationship.
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