Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare but life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Two patients with drug-resistant CMV encephalitis after allo-HSCT were successfully treated with donor CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the first case, a 27-year-old male who received haploidentical transplantation to treat T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), developed CMV encephalitis during the time of the ganciclovir maintenance treatment. After intravenous foscarnet and donor CMV-specific CTLs, CMV-DNA of CSF became undetectable and the abnormal signs of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were limited. Another case, a 57-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who underwent haploidentical transplantation, also developed CMV encephalitis during the maintenance treatment of the ganciclovir. After administering donor CMV-specific CTLs intrathecally, the CMV load of the CSF decreased. The intravenous/intratheca administration of donor CMV-specific CTLs may be a safe and effective treatment for CMV encephalitis, especially for patients who suffered from drug-resistant CMV infection.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16078454.2019.1710945 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Skews Therapeutic WT1-specific CD8 TCR-T Cells Towards an NK-like Phenotype that Compromises Function and Persistence.
medRxiv
December 2024
Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is relapsed and/or refractory post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is usually fatal. In a prior study, we demonstrated that AML relapse in high-risk patients was prevented by post-HCT immunotherapy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific donor CD8 T cells engineered to express a high-affinity Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 (WT1)-specific T-cell receptor (T). However, in the present study, infusion of EBV- or Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T did not clearly improve outcomes in fifteen patients with active disease post-HCT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- γδ T-cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance following HLA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation (haplo-HSCT), especially in pediatric patients.
- A study showed that a specific subset of Vδ2 T-cells is associated with better antiviral protection, as these cells were more prevalent in patients who did not experience viral reactivation.
- The research highlights how Vδ2 T-cells can inhibit CMV replication and enhance the immune response, suggesting their potential use in immunotherapy post-transplantation to combat both infections and tumors.
Cytomegalovirus Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Moving Beyond Molecular Diagnostics to Immunodiagnostics.
Diagnostics (Basel)
November 2024
College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Human CMV, regularly reactivated by simple triggers, results in asymptomatic viral shedding, powerful cellular immune responses, and memory inflation. Immunocompetent individuals benefit from a robust immune response, which aids in viral management without causing clinically significant illness; however, immunodeficient individuals are always at a higher risk of CMV reactivation and disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are consistently at higher risk of CMV reactivation and clinically significant CMV illness due to primary disease, immunosuppression, and graft vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus-specific Th17 Cells Are Induced by Human Cytomegalovirus after Renal Transplantation.
J Immunol
December 2024
Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the connection between CMV infection and Th17 cells in kidney transplant recipients, finding that both factors independently raise the risk of late allograft loss.
- - Researchers observed that CMV-specific Th17 cells were present in blood samples and expanded during CMV reactivation, showing distinct characteristics compared to general Th17 cells.
- - The findings suggest that CMV-induced Th17 cells might play a role in causing inflammation that can lead to damage in transplanted kidneys, highlighting a possible pathway for allograft injury.
Belatacept-related cytomegalovirus infection: Advocacy for tailored immunosuppression based on individual assessment of immune fitness.
Am J Transplant
February 2025
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT UMR_5164, INSERM ERL U1303, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Bordeaux, France; Département de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèse, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:
Belatacept, a fusion protein combining cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and the Fc region of human IgG1, is increasingly used as a calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimen in patients with chronic graft dysfunction. Older kidney transplant recipients, particularly from expanded criteria donors, may be switched to belatacept due to poor renal recovery. However, late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is increasingly reported with this treatment, especially in older patients with graft dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!