Practitioner Education and Feedback to Decrease Ciprofloxacin Prescriptions in Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis.

Context: Current guidelines recommend a nonfluoroquinolone agent as first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) because of concerns of antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects.

Objective: To test whether a multifaceted intervention involving education and feedback reduced primary care practitioners' ciprofloxacin prescriptions for AUC therapy.

Design: Primary care practitioners at 3 medical offices participated: 65 in the intervention group and 51 in the control group. Intervention group participants received an educational lecture and emailed summary of antimicrobial guidelines, their AUC prescriptions were audited, and feedback was provided on inappropriate antibiotic choices. Prescriptions at AUC encounters were tracked during baseline, intervention, and postintervention periods.

Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of AUC encounters at which ciprofloxacin was prescribed vs recommended first-line antibiotics.

Results: Intervention group participants had 5262 eligible AUC encounters, and control group participants had 5473. At baseline, ciprofloxacin was prescribed at 29.7% and 33.7% of eligible AUC encounters in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p = 0.003). After intervention, ciprofloxacin was prescribed at 10.8% of eligible AUC encounters in the intervention group and 34.3% in the control (p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios of ciprofloxacin prescription for AUC therapy were significantly lower in the intervention group during postintervention and intervention periods vs baseline (0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.20-0.44, p < 0.001 and 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.97, p = 0.03). Adjusted odds ratios did not change over time in the controls.

Conclusion: Educating primary care practitioners and conducting audit and feedback reduced their prescriptions of ciprofloxacin for AUC therapy.