Multiple-channel Concentric Grid Nebulizer for Online Standard Addition in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry.

A multiple channel-type concentric grid nebulizer (m-CGrid) was developed for realizing efficient online standard addition in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) without premixing of liquids before nebulization. The m-CGrid can nebulize two independent liquids without premixing due to a unique structure, having two independent liquid-flow capillaries inside a single nozzle and a grid screen (over 350 mesh per inch) placed on the hole of the nozzle. The grid acts as both a flow damper and sieve; two liquids are well-mixed with a gas flow in a small space just before the grid screen, and the mixture breaks up into small droplets by passing through the grid. The m-CGrid nebulizer provides almost the same or better spray performance compared with a conventional nebulizer, such as Meinhard nebulizer; the primary aerosols were much finer (D: 2.9 and 3.1 μm for two channels) than those generated with Meinhard nebulizer type C (D: 19.5 μm). The signal intensities in ICP-OES obtained with two liquid channels were almost the same and were 2- to 3-fold higher than that obtained with the Meinhard nebulizer for 23 elements. The performance of m-CGrid in an online standard addition was demonstrated in the analysis of NIST SRM1577b bovine liver and NIES No. 3 Chrorella. The analytical results were in good agreement with their certified values.