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National Reconnaissance Survey of Microplastics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Korea. | LitMetric

National Reconnaissance Survey of Microplastics in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Korea.

Environ Sci Technol

Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering , Korea University, 145 Anam-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea.

Published: February 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • A nationwide study was conducted in Korea to assess microplastics in 50 major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), highlighting their occurrence in both influents and effluents.
  • The findings showed high concentrations of microplastics in influents (10 to 470 L) and significantly lower levels in effluents (0.004 to 0.51 L), with an impressive removal efficiency of 98.7-99.99%.
  • The study also indicated that thermoplastics and synthetic fibers were the most common types of microplastics found, and advanced phosphorus removal processes in WWTPs led to improved removal rates for microplastics.

Article Abstract

Large quantities of microplastics are thought to be emitted to freshwater environments via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To evaluate the occurrence of microplastics in Korean WWTPs, a nationwide study was conducted for the first time in 50 representative WWTPs with large treatment capacities. Grab sampling and laboratory filtration were used for influents, whereas in situ filtration using a custom-made sampling device was used for effluents. The filtrates were pretreated using wet peroxidation and density separation prior to the identification of microplastics with a dissection microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Pooled analyses of the microplastics revealed that they were predominantly fragment-shaped, and thermoplastics and synthetic fibers were the dominant microplastic materials in WWTPs. The concentration ranged from 10 to 470 L in influents and 0.004 to 0.51 L in effluents. The removal efficiency of microplastics during wastewater treatment was calculated to be 98.7-99.99% in 31 WWTPs. Additionally, WWTPs using advanced phosphorus removal processes exhibited higher removal efficiency than those not implementing such processes. Power-law distribution was successful in describing microplastic particle sizes down to 100 μm, although it was not applicable for smaller particles. This comprehensive monitoring study provides information on the current level and characteristics of microplastics in WWTPs in Korea.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04929DOI Listing

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