Brown diseases comprise disorders leading to hyperpigmentation in skin and nails. Melasma is an acquired skin disorder that is characterized by brownish macules that typically occur on the face. Schamberg disease, also known as progressive pigmented purpura, is characterized by brown pigmentation with pepper spots on their edges. We summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, histologic features, and treatment choices for additional brown diseases, including melasma, pigmented purpuric dermatoses, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, drug-induced hyperpigmentation, and pigmentations due to systemic or physiologic conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.07.007 | DOI Listing |
Virology
January 2025
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China; International Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address:
Rice is a staple food in East and Southeast Asian countries, rice disease surveillance and warning is particularly important. Rice stripe disease and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease are the insect-borne viral diseases that easily break out and quickly become epidemic. It is important to improve the efficiency of the virus detection method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
January 2025
The Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL.
Background: In the U.S. and worldwide, there is a significant number of young people acquiring and living with HIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Bats have been suggested to harbour more zoonotic viruses than any other mammalian order. Infections in bats are largely asymptomatic, indicating limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
January 2025
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly, the function of the NMJ is to transduce nerve action potentials into muscle fiber action potentials (MFAPs). Efficient neuromuscular transmission requires both cholinergic signaling, responsible for generation of endplate potentials (EPPs), and excitation, the amplification of the EPP by postsynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterised by severe exercise intolerance, particularly in those living with obesity. Low-energy meal-replacement plans (MRPs) have shown significant weight loss and potential cardiac remodelling benefits. This pragmatic randomised trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of MRP-directed weight loss on exercise intolerance, symptoms, quality of life and cardiovascular remodelling in a multiethnic cohort with obesity and HFpEF.
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