In collective decision-making, when confronted with different options, groups usually show a more marked preference for one of the options than do isolated individuals. This results from the amplification of individual preferences by social interactions within the group. We show, in an unusual counter-example, that when facing a binary choice between shelters with different relative humidities, isolated cockroaches of the species Periplaneta americana select the wettest shelter, while groups select the driest one. This inversion of selection results from a conflictual influence of humidity on the probabilities of entering and leaving each shelter. It is shown that the individual probability of entering the wettest shelter is higher than the group probability and is increased by previous entries and exits. The probability of leaving each shelter decreases in the population due to social interactions, but this decrease is less pronounced in the wettest shelter, suggesting weaker social interactions. A theoretical model is developed and highlights the existence of tipping points dependent on population size, beyond which an inversion of selection of a resting place is observed.
Background: Movement behavior strongly mediates species and environment interactions, yet our understanding is constrained by challenges tracking space use at fine spatiotemporal resolutions.
Methods: Using an automated telemetry array, we quantified variation in and drivers of space use for a nonbreeding population of migratory bird, the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla.
Results: We identified two distinct and common behaviors - territoriality and floating,- that were governed primarily by NDVI as a proxy of resource availability.
Objective: This study examined the longitudinal development of metacognitive skills and clinical decision-making abilities in nursing students, focusing on the interactions between metacognitive processes, situational factors, and individual differences.
Methods: A longitudinal, quantitative design was employed, following 185 third-year nursing students from a major university in China over one academic year. Data were collected at six time points using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, Nursing Decision-Making Instrument, and custom-designed clinical scenario assessments.
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly fatal malignancy, the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical factor affecting SCLC progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial components of TME, yet their role in SCLC and the underlying mechanisms during their interaction with SCLC cells remain to be determined.
Methods: Microenvironmental cell components were estimated using transcriptome data from SCLC tissue available in public databases, analyzed with bioinformatic algorithms.
Background: The European cross-border electronic prescription (CBeP) was first introduced in Estonia and Finland. The CBeP service is gradually being implemented across Europe, prompting a need for practical studies to assess its benefits and potential shortcomings.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate Estonian and Finnish pharmacists' experiences with patient identification, personal data protection and safe use of medications with CBeP, as well as main advantages and areas of development of CBeP.
National Competence Center Barnafrid, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Background: Participatory approaches in child maltreatment (CM) research increasingly focus on involving children, youth, and adults as co-researchers. However, little is known about their use in Europe.
Objective: To review the European literature on participatory approaches in CM research.
