Cathepsin B pH-Dependent Activity Is Involved in Lysosomal Dysregulation in Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Oxid Med Cell Longev

University of Poitiers, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Equipe Thérapie Cellulaire dans les Pathologies Cérébrales, Poitiers F-86073, France.

Published: June 2020

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction beginning at early stages of the disease. The lack of an appropriate model is a major limitation in understanding the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of AMD. This study compared human-induced pluripotent stem cell- (hiPSC-) RPE cells derived from atrophic AMD patients (77 y/o ± 7) to hiPSC-RPE cells derived from healthy elderly individuals with no drusen or pigmentary alteration (62.5 y/o ± 17.5). Control and AMD hiPSC-RPE cell lines were characterized by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and electronic microscopy. The toxicity level of iron after Fe-NTA treatment was evaluated by an MTT test and by the detection of dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate. Twelve hiPSC-RPE cell lines (6 AMD and 6 controls) were used for the experiment. Under basal conditions, all hiPSC-RPE cells expressed a phenotypic profile of senescent cells with rounded mitochondria at passage 2. However, the treatment with Fe-NTA induced higher reactive oxygen species production and cell death in hiPSC-RPE AMD cells than in hiPSC-RPE Control cells. Interestingly, functional analysis showed differences in lysosomal activity between the two populations. Indeed, Cathepsin B activity was higher in hiPSC-RPE AMD cells compared to hiPSC-RPE Control cells in basal condition and link to a pH more acidic in this cell population. Moreover, oxidative stress exposure leads to an increase of Cathepsin D immature form levels in both populations, but in a higher proportion in hiPSC-RPE AMD cells. These findings could demonstrate that hiPSC-RPE AMD cells have a typical disease phenotype compared to hiPSC-RPE Control cells.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6925809PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5637075DOI Listing

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