Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Thermally Challenged Pacific Abalone .

Summer mortality, caused by thermal conditions, is the biggest threat to abalone aquaculture production industries. Various measures have been taken to mitigate this issue by adjusting the environment; however, the cellular processes of Pacific abalone () have been overlooked due to the paucity of genetic information. The draft genome of has recently been reported, prompting exploration of the genes responsible for thermal regulation in Pacific abalone. In this study, 413 proteins were systematically annotated as members of the heat shock protein (HSP) super families, and among them 26 HSP genes from four Pacific abalone tissues (hemocytes, gill, mantle, and muscle) were differentially expressed under cold and heat stress conditions. The co-expression network revealed that HSP expression patterns were tissue-specific and similar to those of other shellfish inhabiting intertidal zones. Finally, representative HSPs were selected at random and their expression patterns were identified by RNA sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR to assess expression significance. The HSPs expressed in hemocytes were highly similar in both analyses, suggesting that hemocytes could be more reliable samples for validating thermal condition markers compared to other tissues.