Purpose: Enterococcus faecalis is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. The study investigates the E. faecalis specific innate immune cells interplay between Natural Killer cells (NK) and Dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. The present study also determines the prevalence, phenotype, and genotype of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from paediatric patients with urinary tract infection.
Materials And Methods: A total of 14 clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp were characterized using standard phenotypic tests and virulence factors were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immature monocyte-derived DCs were cultured in the presence of six pathogenic E. faecalis isolates infected DCs were co-cultured with NK cells. Bacteria induced matured DCs and activated NK cells were evaluated by polychromatic flow cytometry.
Results: Out of 14 isolates, 13 were identified as E. faecalis. E. faecalis infected DCs differentiated into inflammatory and CD141 + DCs that promote NK cell activation. Activated NK cells significantly elevated the secretion of cytokines and chemokines in infected DCs during E. faecalis. This suggests that DC induced NK cell activation is effectively enhanced by the presence of E. faecalis.
Conclusions: Studies on virulence determinants are necessary to understand the pathogenesis of E. faecalis. DC/NK cross-talk is of particular importance at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, urinary tract where the immune system exists in intimate association with commensal bacteria. We found E. faecalis specific NK cells activation by infected DC-derived effector signals may involve in the killing of transformed or infected cells, thus coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. E. faecalis specific DC/NK interaction is necessary for DC maturation and modulation of innate effector functions. Similarly, activated NK cells that induce- maturation of DC by pattern recognition receptors are also required for the generation of bacterial specific adaptive immunity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103944 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Bacterial infections can substantially impact host metabolic health as a result of the direct and indirect demands of sustaining an immune response and of nutrient piracy by the pathogen itself. Drosophila melanogaster and other insects that survive a sublethal bacterial infection often carry substantial pathogen burdens for the remainder of life. In this study, we asked whether these chronic infections exact metabolic costs for the host, and how these costs scale with the severity of chronic infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Enterococcus species, natural inhabitants of the human gut, have become major causes of life-threatening bloodstream infections (BSIs) and the third most frequent cause of hospital-acquired bacteremia. The rise of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in enterococcal isolates complicates treatment and revives bacteriophage therapy. This study isolated and identified forty E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Oral Health
January 2025
Associate Professor of Operative Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
Background: Endodontic treatment aims in the preservation of extremely carious primary teeth. For root canal therapy to be successful, root canals must be properly prepared and effectively irrigated .Therefore, it is necessary to select the proper root canal disinfection method to preserve the primary tooth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Pathog
January 2025
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Food Processing, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye. Electronic address:
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of glycopeptide resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from cheese and the clonal relationship of E. faecium species with rectal surveillance isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
A phage-antibiotic synergy could be an alternative in urinary tract infection (UTI) therapy, as it leads to the elimination of bacteria and to the reduction in variants resistant to phages and antibiotics. The aims of the in vitro study were to determine whether phages vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e interact synergistically with selected antibiotics in the treatment of infections, to optimize antibiotic concentrations and phage titers for the most effective combinations, and to assess their impact on the number of spontaneous resistant variants and on the phages' reproductive cycles. The modified double-layer disc diffusion method, checkboard, time-kill assays, one-step growth method and the double agar overlay plaque assay were implemented.
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