In the present contribution, three means of measuring the geometrical and topological complexity of photons' paths in random media are proposed. This is realized by investigating the behavior of the average crossing number, the mean writhe, and the minimal crossing number of photons' paths generated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, for different sets of optical parameters. It is observed that the complexity of the photons' paths increases for increasing light source/detector spacing, and that highly "knotted" paths are formed. Due to the particular rules utilized to generate the MC photons' paths, the present results may have an interest not only for the biomedical optics community, but also from a pure mathematical point of view.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.36.001883 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
January 2025
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China.
Compared with widely established monovalent-ion batteries, aqueous multivalent-ion batteries promise higher capacity release by achieving multiple electron-transfer events per ion intercalation in the host material. Despite plausibility, this high-capacity dream is untenable with the total tolerable redox charge-transfer limit of the host material for all carrier species equally, which is historically assumed to depend on the material rather than the guest carrier itself, and the kinetic hysteresis induced by larger charge/radius ratios induced kinetic hysteresis further enlarges the divide. Herein, we report that copper carrier redox in vanadium sulfide (VS) exceeds the intrinsic intercalation capacity boundary, with the highest capacity release as 675 mAh g at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheranostics
January 2025
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France.
Renal pseudotumors, which mimic tumors on imaging, pose diagnostic challenges that can lead to unnecessary interventions. Sensing ultrasound localization microscopy (sULM) is an advanced imaging technique that uses ultrasound imaging and microbubbles as sensors to visualize kidney functional units. This study aims to investigate whether sULM could differentiate between renal pseudotumors and tumors based on the presence of glomeruli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
January 2025
Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
It is widely believed that axons in the central nervous system of adult mammals do not regrow following injury. This failure is thought, at least in part, to underlie the limited recovery of function following injury to the brain or spinal cord. Some studies of fixed tissue have suggested that, counter to dogma, norepinephrine (NE) axons regrow following brain injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Currently, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has drawn wide interest in 3D display, information storage, and optical sensing. However, traditional synthetic paths are often accompanied by low chiral optical intensity and complex processes. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), with the properties of liquid crystals, can spontaneously arrange into the left-handed layered nanofilm, which enables them candidates in the construction of CPL materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
August 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Photonics offers unique capabilities for quantum information processing (QIP) such as room-temperature operation, the scalability of nanophotonics, and access to ultrabroad bandwidths and consequently ultrafast operation. Ultrashort pulse sources of quantum states in nanophotonics are an important building block for achieving scalable ultrafast QIP; however, their demonstrations so far have been sparse. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond biphoton source in dispersion-engineered periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonics.
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