Fifteen limonoids were isolated from 95% ethanol extracts of the dry seeds of neem( Azadirachta indica) by various column chromatography techniques including silica gel,Pharmadex LH-20 gel and ODS resin. Based on spectroscopic analysis,their structures were determined as nimbocinol( 1),17β-hydroxynimbocinol( 2),1α,3α,7α-triacetylvilasinin( 3),7α-benzoyltrichilinin( 4),1,3-diacetyl-7-tigloyl-12-hydroxyvilasinin( 5),3-deacetylsalannin( 6),1-O-acetyl-1-detigloylsalannin( 7),2'( R),3'-dihydrosalannin( 8),2'( S),3'-dihydrosalannin( 9),2,3-dihydronimbolide( 10),6-homodesacetylnimbin( 11),gedunin( 12),7-deacetyl-7-epi-dihydrogedunin( 13),7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin( 14) and nimbinene( 15). Compound 7 is a new natural product. 4,8,9,13 and 14 are isolated from the genus Azadirachta for the first time. Compound 2 showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis,with MIC values of 32 and 128 mg·L~(-1),respectively. Compound 10 showed moderate inhibitory activity against S. epidermidis with a MIC value of 64 mg·L~(-1). Compound 11 inhibited the growth of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,both with MIC values of 128 mg·L~(-1). Compound 15 exhibited inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa,with a MIC value of128 mg·L~(-1).
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