Spirocyclic lactams and curvulinic acid derivatives from the endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata and their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Curvularia lunata, isolated from the capitula of Paepalanthus chiquitensis (Eriocaulaceae), was cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium. The ethyl acetate extract yielded two new spirocyclic γ-lactams (3 and 4), and five known compounds, namely: triticones E (1) and F (2), 5-O-methylcurvulinic acid (5), curvulinic acid (6) and curvulin (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and by the comparison with literature data. Besides, a computational study was used to elucidate the absolute configuration of the C - 3' in the compounds (3) and (4). The extract and the compounds (1 and 2), (6) and (7) were assayed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fluconazole-resistant yeast. The triticones (1) and (2) showed good antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 μg/mL.