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Dissecting the causal role of early inferior frontal activation in reading.
J Neurosci
November 2024
Section of Systems Neuroscience, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8555, Japan.
Cognitive models of reading assume that speech production occurs after visual and phonological processing of written words. This traditional view is at odds with more recent magnetoencephalography studies showing that the left posterior inferior frontal cortex (pIFC) classically associated with spoken production responds to print at 100-150 ms after word-onset, almost simultaneously with posterior brain regions for visual and phonological processing. Yet the theoretical significance of this fast neural response remains open to date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConvolutional neural networks can identify brain interactions involved in decoding spatial auditory attention.
PLoS Comput Biol
August 2024
Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Human listeners have the ability to direct their attention to a single speaker in a multi-talker environment. The neural correlates of selective attention can be decoded from a single trial of electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this study, leveraging the source-reconstructed and anatomically-resolved EEG data as inputs, we sought to employ CNN as an interpretable model to uncover task-specific interactions between brain regions, rather than simply to utilize it as a black box decoder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutomated task-level autonomy assessment in robotic surgery.
Surg Endosc
October 2024
Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO , 63110, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to quantify surgical autonomy of trainees during robotic-assisted hiatal hernia repairs by measuring the proportion of active control time (ACT) at specific task levels rather than broadly.
- Retrospective analysis categorized surgical tasks into five segments using AI-assisted annotation, allowing comparison of ACT between residents and fellows during these tasks.
- Results showed residents had high ACT in some tasks, while fellows consistently exceeded 80% across all tasks; the study highlights the potential for data-driven assessments to guide residents' expectations and involvement in procedures.
Molecular mechanisms of chaperone-directed protein folding: Insights from atomistic simulations.
Protein Sci
December 2023
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Molecular chaperones, a family of proteins of which Hsp90 and Hsp70 are integral members, form an essential machinery to maintain healthy proteomes by controlling the folding and activation of a plethora of substrate client proteins. This is achieved through cycles in which Hsp90 and Hsp70, regulated by task-specific co-chaperones, process ATP and become part of a complex network that undergoes extensive compositional and conformational variations. Despite impressive advances in structural knowledge, the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of functional assemblies, their response to nucleotides, and their relevance for client remodeling are still elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Innovative Technique of Microsurgical Training on Fresh "Chicken Quarter" Model: Our Experience.
Indian J Plast Surg
June 2023
Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute, A Grant-in-aid Institute of Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India and a Unit of Tata Memorial Centre-Mumbai, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Regular practice, quality clinical exposure, and academic discussion are essential in any surgical specialty training. This study discusses and validates the option of using a fresh "chicken quarter" model with a measurable scoring system, as a standard training regimen in microvascular surgery. This can be a very effective, economical, and easily accessible model for residents.
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