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Metal detoxification is crucial for animals to cope with environmental exposure. In snails, a pivotal role in protection against cadmium (Cd) is attributed to metallothioneins (MTs). Some gastropod species express, in a lineage-specific manner, Cd-selective MTs devoted exclusively to the binding and detoxification of this single metal, whereas other species of snails possess non-selective MTs, but still show a high tolerance against Cd. An explanation for this may be that invertebrates and in particular snails may also synthetize phytochelatins (PCs), originally known to be produced by plants, to provide protection against metal or metalloid toxicity. Here we demonstrate that despite the fact that similar mechanisms for Cd inactivation exist in snail species through binding of the metal to MTs, the actual detoxification pathways for this metal may follow different traits in a species-specific manner. In particular, this depends on the detoxification capacity of MTs due to their Cd-selective or non-specific binding features. In the terrestrial slug , for example, Cd is solely detoxified by a Cd-selective MT isoform (AvMT1). In contrast, the freshwater snail activates an additional pathway for metal inactivation by synthesizing phytochelatins, which compensate for the insufficient capacity of its non-selective MT system to detoxify Cd. We hypothesize that in other snails and invertebrate species, too, an alternative inactivation of the metal by PCs may occur, if their MT system is not Cd-selective enough, or its Cd loading capacity is exhausted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010007 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem B
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4.
Despite the remarkable resistance of the nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone to degradation affording genetic stability, the P-O bond must be broken during DNA repair and RNA metabolism, among many other critical cellular processes. Nucleases are powerful enzymes that can enhance the uncatalyzed rate of phosphodiester bond cleavage by up to ∼10-fold. Despite the most well accepted hydrolysis mechanism involving two metals (M to activate a water nucleophile and M to stabilize the leaving group), experimental evidence suggests that some nucleases can use a single metal to facilitate the chemical step, a controversial concept in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOchsner J
January 2024
Department of Orthopedics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM.
Complete talar extrusion is a rare injury that is typically caused by high-energy impact. Treatment for a completely extruded talus is limited and has variable outcomes and complications. Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis is one of the best treatments for restoring stability and reducing pain in the affected limb.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
December 2024
Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
The adsorption of (X = Ni, Pd, and Pt) nanoclusters is simulated by using first-principles methods on MgO(100) and on a MgO monolayer supported on Ag(100), considering the presence of interfacial oxygen. On both the free-standing MgO surface and MgO/Ag, all clusters exhibit robust adhesion and negative charge transfer. molecular dynamics calculations at 200 K demonstrate the stability of the nanoparticles on the MgO/Ag support.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces
December 2024
Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
Understanding the electrolyte factors governing the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) is fundamental for selecting the optimized electrolyte conditions for practical applications. While noble metals are frequently studied, the electrolyte effects on the CORR on Sn catalysts are not well explored. Here, we studied the electrolyte effect on Sn metallic electrodes, investigating the impact of electrolyte concentration, cation identity, and anion properties, and how it shapes the CORR activity and selectivity.
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