Dynamic hyperpolarized C MR spectroscopic imaging using SPICE in mouse kidney at 9.4 T.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of dynamic hyperpolarized C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using the SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation (SPICE) technique and an estimation of the spatially resolved conversion constant rate (k ). An acquisition scheme comprising a single training dataset and several imaging datasets was proposed considering hyperpolarized C circumstances. The feasibility and advantage of the scheme were investigated in two parts: (a) consistency of spectral basis over time and (b) accuracy of the estimated k . The simulations and in vivo experiments support accurate k estimation with consistent spectral bases. The proposed method was implemented in an enzyme phantom and via in vivo experiments. In the enzyme phantom experiments, spatially resolved homogeneous k maps were observed. In the in vivo experiments, normal diet (ND) mice and high-fat diet (HFD) mice had k (s ) values of medullar (ND: 0.0119 ± 0.0022, HFD: 0.0195 ± 0.0005) and cortical (ND: 0.0148 ±0.0023, HFD: 0.0224 ±0.0054) regions which were higher than vascular (ND: 0.0087 ±0.0013, HFD: 0.0132 ±0.0050) regions. In particular, the k value in the medullar region exhibited a significant difference between the two diet groups. In summary, the feasibility of using modified SPICE for dynamic hyperpolarized C MRSI was demonstrated via simulations and in vivo experiments. The consistency of spectral bases over time and the accuracy of the estimated k values validate the proposed acquisition scheme, which comprises only a single training dataset. The proposed method improved the spatial resolution of dynamic hyperpolarized C MRSI, which could be used for k estimation using high signal-to-noise ratio spectral bases.