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Genetically engineered animal models of biliary tract cancers. | LitMetric

Genetically engineered animal models of biliary tract cancers.

Curr Opin Gastroenterol

de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Published: March 2020

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Purpose Of Review: Biliary tract cancers which include intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and gallbladder cancer, are characterized by poor outcome. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms of the disease has become a priority. However, such identification has to cope with extreme heterogeneity of the disease, which results from the variable anatomical location, the numerous cell types of origin and the high number of known genetic alterations.

Recent Findings: Animal models can develop invasive and metastatic tumours that recapitulate as faithfully as possible the molecular features of the human tumours. To generate animal models of cholangiocarcinoma, investigators resorted to the administration of carcinogens, induction of cholestasis, grafting of tumour cells and induction of genetic modifications.

Summary: Here, we summarize the currently available genetically engineered animal models, and focus on mice and zebrafish. The experimental strategies that were selected to induce cholangiocarcinoma in a time-controlled and cell-type-specific manner are critically examined. We discuss their strengths and limitations while considering their relevance to human pathophysiology.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000610DOI Listing

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