Because the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (TD) have an insidious onset and fluctuating nature, and the risk of TD associated with second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatment has been underestimated, it has been challenging for clinicians to make an early and accurate TD diagnosis. More patients are at risk of developing this potentially permanent, disabling condition than ever before because of the widespread use of SGAs; therefore, prevention of TD, if possible, is of utmost importance. Clinicians must use reliable screening tools and diagnostic criteria to assess patients for TD, rule out other abnormal movement conditions, and make an accurate TD diagnosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.NU18041BR1C | DOI Listing |
Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Background: Despite efforts to visualize all the movements of tongue and oropharynx in individuals with focal movement disorders (specifically tardive dyskinesia (TD)), clinicians can miss the complete picture and additional tools may be required to reach an accurate diagnosis.
Cases: We present three cases with TD where ultrasound assisted in diagnoses. These individuals had difficulty swallowing and abnormal sensations in the tongue, which remained undiagnosed until we performed ultrasound of oropharynx which allowed for characterization of these movements.
Am J Ther
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
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