Cellular engineering strategies toward sustainable omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids production: State of the art and perspectives.

Biotechnol Adv

Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China. Electronic address:

Published: May 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly ω-3 fatty acids, are vital for human health but cannot be produced by mammals, leading to a high demand typically met through marine fish.
  • With traditional fish supply not keeping pace with this demand, researchers are exploring fungi and microalgae as alternative sources for sustainable ω-3 LC-PUFA production.
  • Recent advancements in cellular engineering and genetic technologies aim to boost the yield of ω-3 fatty acids from these organisms, suggesting promising avenues for future research and application in biotechnology.

Article Abstract

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) especially ω-3 fatty acids provide significant health benefits for human beings. However, ω-3 LC-PUFAs cannot be synthesized de novo in mammals. Traditionally, ω-3 LC-PUFAs are extracted from marine fish, and their production depends on sea fishing, which has not met ever-increasing global demand. To address the challenges, innovative cellular engineering strategies need to be developed. In nature, many fungi and microalgae are rich in ω-3 LC-PUFAs, representing promising sources of ω-3 LC-PUFAs. The latest progress in developing new cellular engineering strategies toward sustainable ω-3 LC-PUFAs production using fungi and microalga has demonstrated that they can to some extent address the supply shortage. In this review, we critically summarize the recent progress in enhancing the productivity in various ω-3 LC-PUFAs-producing organisms, as well as the latest efforts of biosynthesizing PUFAs in heterogenous biosystems. In addition, we also provide future perspectives in developing genetic toolkits for LC-PUFAs producing microbes so that cut-edging biotechnology such as gene stacking and genome editing can be further applied to increase the productivity of ω-3 LC-PUFAs.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107497DOI Listing

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