Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the thermal protection provided by a 2-3 mm surfing wet suit during at least two hours of fin diving in shallow water with a temperature of 16-20°C. We examined the effect of wearing the suit while diving in cold water on cognitive performance, muscle strength, and hand motor function.
Methods: Subjects were six male well-trained rebreather divers, 19-23 years old, acclimatised to cold. They attended the laboratory on three separate occasions, when we conducted the experiment at one of three temperatures, 16, 18, and 20°C. Core temperature (gastrointestinal system), skin temperature, oxygen consumption, and cold perception were evaluated during the test. Before and immediately after the dives, subjects performed a series of cognitive, manual dexterity, and muscle strength tests.
Results: Core temperature decreased by 0.35-0.81°C over the two hours at all three water temperatures. No subject reached a core temperature below 35°C. The decrease in upper body skin temperature during the two hour dive ranged between 5.97 and 8.41°C (P < 0.05). Two hours diving in 16-20°C water resulted in a significant increase in the time taken to perform the task of unlinking and reassembling four shackles (∼30% longer, P < 0.05). No effect was found on the cognitive or muscle strength tests.
Conclusions: A 2-3 mm wet suit provides adequate thermal protection in trained and cold-acclimatised young males engaged in active diving in shallow water with a temperature of 16°C and above.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm49.4.266-275 | DOI Listing |
ACS Biomater Sci Eng
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Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul 34406, Türkiye.
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CONAHCYT- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Bermejo 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23090, Mexico. Electronic address:
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College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk Institute), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address:
Developing eco-friendly and effective flame retardants is crucial for enhancing the fire resistance of polymeric materials. This study developed a novel nitrogen‑phosphorus (NP) synergistic nanocellulose-based flame retardant (CNC-PEI-PA) by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phytic acid (PA) onto the CNC. CNC-PEI-PA demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, char-forming ability, and antibacterial activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
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Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; The Center for Experimental Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address:
FapC and FapB are biofilm-associated amyloids involved in the virulence of Pseudomonas and other bacteria. We herein demonstrate their exceptional thermal and chemical resilience, suggesting that their biofilm structures might withstand standard sterilization, thereby contributing to the persistence of P. aeruginosa infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Horiz
December 2024
Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
Antiferromagnetic materials have several unique properties, such as a vanishingly small net magnetization, which generates weak dipolar fields and makes them robust against perturbation from external magnetic fields and rapid magnetization dynamics, as dictated by the geometric mean of their exchange and anisotropy energies. However, experimental and theoretical techniques to detect and manipulate the antiferromagnetic order in a fully electrical manner must be developed to enable advanced spintronic devices with antiferromagnets as their active spin-dependent elements. Among the various antiferromagnetic materials, conducting antiferromagnets offer high electrical and thermal conductivities and strong electron-spin-phonon interactions.
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