Nourseothricin N-acetyl transferase (NAT), a new selectable marker for nuclear gene expression in .

Background: is a unicellular green alga, which is a most commonly used model organism for basic research and biotechnological applications. Generation of transgenic strains, which usually requires selectable markers, is instrumental in such studies/applications. Compared to other organisms, the number of selectable markers is limited in this organism. Nourseothricin (NTC) N-acetyl transferase (NAT) has been reported as a selectable marker in a variety of organisms but not including . Thus, we investigated whether was useful and effective for selection of transgenic strains in . The successful use of would provide alterative choice for selectable markers in this organism and likely in other microalgae.

Results: was sensitive to NTC at concentrations as low as 5 µg/ml. There was no cross-resistance to nourseothricin in strains that had been transformed with hygromycin B and/or paromomycin resistance genes. A codon-optimized from was synthesized and assembled into different expression vectors followed by transformation into . Around 500 transformants could be obtained by using 50 ng DNA on selection with 10 µg/ml NTC. The transformants exhibited normal growth rate and were stable at least for 10 months on conditions even without selection. We successfully tested that could be used as a selectable marker for ectopic expression of HA in strains with paromomycin and hygromycin B resistance markers. We further showed that the selection rate for HA positive clones was greatly increased by fusing HA to and processing with the FMDV 2A peptide.

Conclusions: This work represents the first demonstration of stable expression of in the nuclear genome of and provides evidence that can be used as an effective selectable marker for transgenic strains. It provides alterative choice for selectable markers in . is compatible with paromomycin and hygromycin B resistance genes, which allows for multiple selections.