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Biochemical and biomechanical characterisation of equine cervical facet joint cartilage.
Equine Vet J
November 2018
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Background: The equine cervical facet joint is a site of significant pathology. Located bilaterally on the dorsal spine, these diarthrodial joints work in conjunction with the intervertebral disc to facilitate appropriate spinal motion. Despite the high prevalence of pathology in this joint, the facet joint is understudied and thus lacking in viable treatment options.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoss of Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Severely Staged Glaucoma Patients.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
September 2016
Department of Clinical Biochemistry Bispebjerg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Purpose: Multiple studies have shown overwhelming evidence supporting the impairment of melanopsin function due to glaucoma. However, few studies have been carried out in humans analyzing the histology of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) in retinas with glaucoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of expression of mRGCs relative to RGCs in the normal retina and retinas harboring varying stages of glaucoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporal changes of CD68 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in microglia in Alzheimer's disease-like mouse models.
J Alzheimers Dis
September 2015
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
We previously reported that activated microglia are involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and that stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in microglia enhances Aβ clearance. Nevertheless, how microglia and α7 nAChR in microglia are affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. The present study aimed to collect fundamental data for considering whether microglia are potential targets for AD treatment and the appropriate timing of therapeutic intervention, by evaluating the temporal changes of Aβ, microglia, neurons, presynapses, and α7 nAChR by immunohistochemical studies in mouse models of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracallosal neuronal nitric oxide synthase neurons colocalize with neurokinin 1 substance P receptor in the rat.
J Comp Neurol
March 2015
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Marche Polytechnic University, I-60020, Ancona, Italy.
The corpus callosum (cc) contains nitric oxide (NO)-producing neurons. Because NO is a potent vasodilator, these neurons could translate neuronal signals into vascular responses that can be detected by functional brain imaging. Substance P (SP), one of the most widely expressed peptides in the CNS, also produces vasomotor responses by inducing calcium release from intracellular stores through its preferred neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, thus inducing NO production via activation of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConnexin46fs380 causes progressive cataracts.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
August 2014
Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Purpose: Although many connexin46 (Cx46) mutants have been linked to inherited human cataracts, there are no adequate animal models for their study. The current experiments were designed to characterize the consequences of expression of one such mutant, Cx46fs380, in the mouse lens.
Methods: Mice expressing Cx46fs380 were generated by a knockin strategy.
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