Atherectomy-assisted versus percutaneous angioplasty interventions for treatment of symptomatic infra-inguinal peripheral arterial disease.

Introduction: The role of atherectomy (ATHERO) for the treatment of symptomatic infra-inguinal arterial lesions remains controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of atherectomy-assisted endovascular interventions in comparison with percutaneous angioplasty (PTA).

Material And Methods: A systematic search utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted for studies comparing ATHERO with PTA from February 1995 to May 2018. Only studies comparing ATHERO to PTA for symptomatic infra-inguinal disease were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data and endpoints across studies. Study endpoints included vessel dissection, distal embolization, residual stenosis (> 30%), vessel patency at 6 months, target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months and major amputation rates at 1, 6, and 12 months.

Results: A total of 2923 patients were included from 8 studies. PTA was associated with higher vessel dissection (OR = 4.00, 95% CI: 1.15-13.86) and lower 12-month major amputation rates (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.90). There was no significant difference between ATHERO and PTA groups in terms of distal embolization (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.04-4.63), residual stenosis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.58-2.80), vessel patency at 6 months (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.50-3.22), TLR at 12 months (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.46-2.51), or limb amputation at 1 month (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.07) or 6 months (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.38-6.15).

Conclusions: In patients undergoing infra-inguinal endovascular interventions, PTA was associated with higher peri-procedural vessel dissection and lower 12-month major amputation rates. Both modalities were associated with similar distal embolization, residual stenosis, and 6-month vessel patency and amputation rates.