The complex encompasses species in the broadly defined genus (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) that are generally characterized by synnematous conidiophores. Most species of the complex are associates of conifer-infesting bark beetles in Europe and North America. The aims of this study were to reconsider the delineation of known species, and to confirm the identity of several additional isolates resembling that have emerged from recent surveys in China, Finland, Poland, Russia, and Spain. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for five loci (ACT, TUB, CAL, ITS2-LSU, and TEF-1α) distinguished 14 species within the complex. These included eight known species (, , , , , , , and ) and six new species (herein described as , , , , , and ). New combinations are provided for , , , , , and . New Typifications: Lectotypes are designated for , and . Epitypes were designated for and . In addition to phylogenetic separation, the synnematous asexual states and ascomata with almost cylindrical necks and prominent ostiolar hyphae, distinguish the complex from others in .
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Polyphasic approach to the selection of Esteya isolates for the control of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
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Article Synopsis
- Pine wilt disease, caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, poses significant risks to global pine forests, and its management presents logistical challenges and ecological concerns.
- Esteya spp., specifically Esteya vermicola and Esteya floridanum, show promise as biological control agents against the nematode, with studies evaluating their competitive abilities against other fungi and their metabolic capabilities.
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Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Drought predisposes forest trees to bark beetle-induced mortality, but the physiological mechanisms remain unclear. While drought-induced water and carbon limitations have been implicated in defensive failure and tree susceptibility, evidence demonstrating how these factors interact is scarce. We withheld water from mature, potted Pinus edulis and subsequently applied a double-stem girdle to inhibit carbohydrate transport from the crown and roots.
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Microbiomes play crucial roles in insect adaptation, especially under stress such as pathogen invasion. Yet, how beneficial microbiomes assemble remains unclear. The wood-boring beetle , a major pest and vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD) nematode, offers a unique model.
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Fungal Syst Evol
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Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
A taxonomically comprehensive perspective on the fungal associates of bark beetles (: : ), and powerful molecular tools for detection of these fungi, are imperative to understanding bark beetle impacts on forest ecosystems. The most common filamentous fungi living alongside bark beetles in infested trees are ophiostomatoids (: and ), yet an undescribed species of (; : ) was recently identified cohabitating with the alder bark beetle, , in red alder, . The hardwood-infesting alder bark beetle is found throughout the range of its red alder host in the Pacific Coast region of North America and is associated with in southwestern British Columbia, Canada.
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