(CPT1a) is a rate-limited enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. It acts as a bridge between and the fatty acid oxidation pathways and is closely related to ruminant growth and development. In this study, one 12 bp InDel polymorphism of the gene was identified in 700 goats, and we designated these three genotypes II, ID, and DD. Association analysis showed that the InDel polymorphism was closely associated with trunk index ( = 0.008) and body length index ( = 0.034) in Hainan black goats, and body length ( = 0.010), chest circumference ( = 0.004), chest depth ( = 0.029), and huckle bone width ( = 0.002) in Nubian goats, as well as the chest circumference ( = 0.016) in the Fuqing goat breed. In both kids and adult goats, qRT-PCR results showed that the gene was expressed in all tissues, showing the highest mRNA levels in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney, followed by the adipose tissue and brain. This indicates an association between the InDel of the gene and growth traits in selected goat breeds, which may facilitate marker-assisted selection in goat genetics and breeding.
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