This study aimed to analyze the effect and mechanism of immunization of oral DNA vaccine on the proliferation of goat testicular Leydig cells. Ten 8-week-old male goats were randomly divided into DNA vaccine and control groups for immunization (five goats each group). These goats were sacrificed at 8 weeks after primary immunization, and the tissue samples of hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis and Leydig cell samples were collected for RT-PCR and CCK8 assay. Immunization with the oral DNA vaccine effectively inhibited the proliferation of Leydig cells, the expression of hypothalamus , , and mRNA, pituitary and mRNA, testicular mRNA, and apoptosis-inhibitory gene mRNA in Leydig cells. By contrast, the immunization enhanced the mRNA expression of apoptosis-promoting gene and in Leydig cells. These findings indicate that immunization with the oral DNA vaccine can inhibit the proliferation of goat testicular Leydig cells mainly via the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and apoptosis-related genes.
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