We analyze large scale (N ~ 10000) time use surveys in United States, Spain, Italy, France and Great Britain to ascertain seasonal variations in the sleep/wake cycle and the labor cycle after daylight saving time regulations have stood up for at least forty years. That is, not the usual search for the impact of the biannual transitions, but a search for how industrialized societies have answered to DST regulations at different circles of latitude. Results show that the labor cycle is equally distributed through seasons if measured in local time. It is an everyday experience which is a major outcome of DST. The sleep/wake cycle displays disturbances punctuated by solar events: sunrise, sunset and noon. In week-ends, under free preferences, sleep onset delays in summer, opposing to the regulation and following the delay in sunset time, while sleep offset advances, despite clock time already advanced in the spring transition. This advance still follows the advance in sunrise times. The best explanation for these findings is that human cycles are not misaligned by the size and direction of DST regulations, which explains the success of that practice. The sleep/wake cycle in Great Britain and France exhibit fewer statistically significant excursions than the sleep/wake cycle in Spain, Italy and United States, despite light and dark seasonal deviations are larger. That could be indicating that the preference for a seasonal regulation of time decreases with increasing latitude above 47°. The preferences for a seasonal regulation of clocks and for the choice of permanent summer time or permanent winter time are sketched from a previous report on human activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54990-6 | DOI Listing |
Antioxidants (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease resulting from external physical forces acting against the head, leading to transient or chronic damage to brain tissue. Primary brain injury is an immediate and, therefore, rather irreversible effect of trauma, while secondary brain injury results from a complex cascade of pathological processes, among which oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the most prominent. As TBI is a significant cause of mortality and chronic disability, with high social costs all over the world, any form of therapy that may mitigate trauma-evoked brain damage is desirable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIran J Basic Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of different doses of essential oil (Lavender EO) administered by inhalation on sleep latency and neuromodulators regulating the sleep/wake cycle in rats with total sleep deprivation (TSD).
Materials And Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Control, Alprazolam (ALP, 0.25 mg/kg given intraperitoneally), L1 (Lavender EO, 0.
Clocks Sleep
January 2025
Circadian Physics Group, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Fixed sleep schedules with an 8 h time in bed (TIB) are used to ensure participants are well-rested before laboratory studies. However, such schedules may lead to cumulative excess wakefulness in young individuals. Effects on older individuals are unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Sci Sleep
January 2025
Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
Purpose: Two previously proposed modelling approaches to explain the bimodal pattern of activity and/or sleep in are based on 1) the concept of morning and evening oscillators underlying the peaks of activity in the morning and evening, respectively, and 2) the concept of two cycles of buildup and decay of sleep pressure, gated only by the circadian oscillator. Previously, we simulated 24-h alertness-sleepiness curves in humans using a model postulating the circadian modulation of the buildup and decay phases of two (wake and sleep) homeostatic processes. Here, we tested whether a similar model could be applied to simulate the bimodal 24-h rhythm of fly locomotor activity and sleep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Aging Neurosci
January 2025
School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Background: Hypocretin-1 is a vital neurotransmitter in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. We aims to develop a poor sleep quality predictive model for elderly population with acute ischemic stroke.
Methods: A total of 183 consecutively elderly patients were included in the prospective cohort study.
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