Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context.

Objectives: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of mothers who experienced pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period and to describe associated factors.

Methods: Medical records of 987 mothers and their babies were scrutinized. Chi-square Test, McNemar's test, and relative risk with a 95% confidence interval were applied for analysis.

Results: During the in-hospital postnatal stay, 19.5% mothers experienced pain during breastfeeding. At discharge, the rate was 8.8% (ρ < .001) and at the follow-up hospital visit 2 to 3 days after birth 17.5% (ρ = .104). Pain when breastfeeding was associated with primiparity (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.53-2.66), epidural block during labor (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17-1.94), cracked nipples (RR 5.94; 95% CI 4.84-7.27), the use of a nipple shield (RR 6.34; 95% CI 5.43-7.41), supplementary feeding (RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71-2.80), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46-2.42).

Conclusions: During the early postnatal period, Swedish mothers commonly experienced pain during breastfeeding. Although the rate dropped at discharge, it rose again by the time mothers returned for their follow-up visit. The rebound rate could be explained by breast engorgement, a baby's shallow latch or the effect of an epidural block. Midwives and nurses assisting women during intrapartum and postpartum care must be aware of factors associated with pain during early breastfeeding.