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Viruses
January 2025
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.
The European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV-Eur; species , family ) was the only tick-borne flavivirus present in central Europe known to cause neurologic disease in humans and several animal species. Here, we report a tick-borne flavivirus isolated from Alpine chamois () with encephalitis and attached ticks, present over a wide area in the Alps. Cases were detected in 2017 in Salzburg, Austria, and 2023 in Lombardy and Piedmont, Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
December 2024
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Flaviviruses, a group of single-stranded RNA viruses spread by mosquitoes or ticks, include several significant neurotropic viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). These viruses can cause a range of neurological diseases during acute infection, from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe and fatal encephalitis. A total of 20-50% of patients who recovered from acute flavivirus infections experienced long-term cognitive issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
January 2025
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a porcine neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that infects peripheral tissues of its host, spreads into the nervous system, and establishes a life-long latency in neuronal cells. During productive infection, PRV replicates rapidly and causes pseudorabies or Aujeszky's disease. Reactivation from latent infection in the nervous system may lead to anterograde axonal transport of progeny virions, leading to recurrent infection of the epithelial layer and virus spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
Yellow Fever (YF), a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV), remains endemic in tropical Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. The 17D live-attenuated vaccine has significantly reduced YF incidence with minimal risk of vaccine-associated adverse events, including Yellow Fever Vaccine-fever-associated Neurotropic Disease (YEL-AND) and Yellow Fever Vaccine-Associated Viscerotropic Disease (YEL-AVD). This study investigates the potential of Real-World Evidence (RWE) to enhance vaccine surveillance by analyzing electronic health records (EHRs) from the TriNetX platform, which identified a total of 15,835 individuals who were vaccinated with the Stamaril® YF vaccine between 2017 and 2021 in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Rabies is a deadly neurotropic, zoonotic disease with a mortality rate of 100% after symptoms appear. Rabies virus (RABV) is the primary cause of rabies disease in humans, and it mainly spreads via dog bites in developing countries. Over the course of RABV evolution, multiple RABV variants, called clades, have emerged.
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