Drug Indexes are of significance for investigation on ancient patent medicine industry. Herein, we compared (10th year of Jiaqing Reign, 1805), (4th year of Xianfeng Reign, 1854 and 5th year of Tongzhi Reign, 1866) and (3th year of Guangxu Reign, 1877) to illustrate the business features of Hangzhou patent medicine industry in Qing Dynasty.The three pharmacies, Zhang Tongtai Tang, Ye Zhongde Tang and Hu Qingyu Tang, were all adept in utilizing ancient prescriptions that contained various preparations, emphasized commercial ethics and product qualities, distributed their products in flexible pattern and focused on distillation formula. Moreover, each of the three pharmacies exhibited their own characteristics in product types and commercialization.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0255-7053.2019.05.004 | DOI Listing |
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