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Opioid-induced respiratory depression: clinical aspects and pathophysiology of the respiratory network effects.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
December 2024
The author is retired. The positions and affiliations are those prior to his retirement.
Important insights and consensus remain lacking for risk prediction of opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), reversal of respiratory depression (RD), the pathophysiology of OIRD, and which sites make the most significant contribution to its induction. The ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide is the most sensitive biomarker of OIRD. To accurately predict respiratory depression (RD), a multivariant RD prospective trial using continuous capnograph and oximetry examining 5 independent variables: age ≥60, sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure (PRODIGY trial), was undertaken.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphine-induced side effects can be differentially modulated by cannabidiol in male and female rats.
Behav Pharmacol
February 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná.
Opioid use disorder is a public health problem that includes symptoms such as withdrawal syndrome and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Currently, drugs to treat side effects of opioids also have undesirable effects, which lead to limitations. This study investigated the effect of a treatment with cannabidiol in morphine-induced hyperalgesia and withdrawal behavior in morphine-dependent rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient Treated With Buprenorphine-Naloxone: A Case Report.
Cureus
October 2024
Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, USA.
With the rising clinical use of opioid agonist/antagonist medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), overlooked adverse events, such as adrenal insufficiency, are coming to the forefront. Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency (OIAI) occurs when opioids dampen the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to adrenal suppression. Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency is associated with significant morbidity and can precipitate high-mortality adrenal crises.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFentanyl exposure alters rat CB1 receptor expression in the insula, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra.
Neurosci Lett
January 2025
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Prolonged periods of opioid use have been shown to cause neuroadaptations in the brain's reward circuitry, contributing to addictive behaviors and drug dependence. Recently, considerable focus has been placed on the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its CB receptors in opioid-driven behaviors. However, opioid-induced neuroadaptations to the ECS remain understudied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn autonomous implantable device for the prevention of death from opioid overdose.
Sci Adv
October 2024
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Opioid overdose accounts for nearly 75,000 deaths per year in the United States, now a leading cause of mortality among young people aged 18 to 45 years. At overdose levels, opioid-induced respiratory depression becomes fatal without the administration of naloxone within minutes. Currently, overdose survival relies on bystander intervention, requiring a nearby person to find the overdosed individual and have immediate access to naloxone to administer.
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