Integrated impacts of turbulent mixing and NO-O photochemistry on reactive pollutant dispersion and intake fraction in shallow and deep street canyons.

Sci Total Environ

School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. Electronic address:

Published: April 2020

We employ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with NO-NO-O chemistry to investigate the impacts of aspect ratios (H/W = 1,3,5), elevated-building design, wind catchers and two background ozone concentrations ([O] = 100/20 ppb) on reactive pollutant dispersion in two-dimensional (2D) street canyons. Personal intake fraction of NO (P_IF) and its spatial mean value in entire street (i.e. street intake fraction ) are calculated to quantify pollutant exposure in near-road buildings. Chemical reaction contribution of NO exposure (CRC), O depletion rate (d) and photostationary state defect (δ) are used to analyze the interplay of turbulent and chemical processes. As H/W increases from 1, 3 to 5 with [O] = 100 ppb, the flow pattern turns from single-main-vortex structure to two-counter-rotating-vortex structure, and pedestrian-level velocity becomes 1-2 orders smaller. The high-d regions and low-|δ| regions get larger with more complete chemical reactions. Consequently, passive  rises 1 order (4.09-5.71 ppm to 41.76 ppm), but reactive only increases several times (17.80-21.28 ppm to 58.50 ppm) and the contribution of chemistry (CRC) decreases with higher H/W. Thus, chemistry raises  more effectively in shallow street canyons (H/W = 1-3). In deep street canyons (H/W = 5), elevated-building design and wind catchers destroy two-counter-rotating-vortex structure, improve street ventilation and reduce passive by 2 and 1 orders (41.76 ppm to 0.38-5.16 ppm), however they only reduce reactive by about 97.5% and 75% (58.50 ppm to 1.61-14.48 ppm). Such building techniques induce lower O depletion rate but greater chemical contribution. Finally, raising [O] from 20 to 100 ppb causes greater O depletion rate and chemical contribution and produces larger . For deep street canyons, the impact of higher [O] on is weaker than that in shallow street canyons, while it becomes stronger when fixing elevated-building design and wind catchers. This study provides some innovative findings on reactive pollutant exposure in 2D street canyons and offers effective CFD methodologies to evaluate pollutant exposure with more complicated chemistry and urban configurations.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135553DOI Listing

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