The immunologic landscape of the host and tumor play key roles in determining how patients will benefit from immunotherapy, and a better understanding of these factors could help inform how well a tumor responds to treatment. Recent advances in immunotherapy and in our understanding of the immune system have revolutionized the treatment landscape for many advanced cancers. Notably, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated durable responses in various malignancies. However, the response to such treatments is variable and currently unpredictable, the availability of predictive biomarkers is limited, and a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to immune checkpoint therapy. Identification and investigation of potential biomarkers that may predict sensitivity to immunotherapy is an area of active research. It is envisaged that a deeper understanding of immunity will aid in harnessing the full potential of immunotherapy, and allow appropriate patients to receive the most appropriate treatments. In addition to the identification of new biomarkers, the platforms and assays required to accurately and reproducibly measure biomarkers play a key role in ensuring consistency of measurement both within and between patients. In this review we discuss the current knowledge in the area of peripheral immune-based biomarkers, drawing information from the results of recent clinical studies of a number of different immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and anti-cancer vaccines. We also discuss the various technologies and approaches used in detecting and measuring circulatory biomarkers and the ongoing need for harmonization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40425-019-0799-2 | DOI Listing |
Neural Regen Res
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and clinical symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movements. A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, forming insoluble Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which contributes to neurodegeneration. These α-synuclein aggregates may act as autoantigens, leading to T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation and contributing to dopaminergic cell death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Neurol
December 2024
Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The immune system plays a major part in neurodegenerative diseases. In some, such as multiple sclerosis, it is the primary driver of the disease. In others, such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease, it has an amplifying role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
December 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 2000922, China. Electronic address:
Background: The anti-angiogenic drugs showed remarkable efficacy in the treatment of lung cancer. Nonetheless, the potential roles of the intra-tumoral immune cell abundances and peripheral blood immunological features in prognosis prediction of patients with advanced lung cancer receiving anti-angiogenesis-based therapies remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to develop an immune-based model for early identification of patients with advanced lung cancer who would benefit from anti-angiogenesis-based therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood Adv
October 2024
Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in promoting growth and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The tumor-promoting immune microenvironment is augmented while anti-tumor immune responses are inhibited. Although clinical and genomic markers of high-risk MM have been described, the immune status is just being recognized as a potential mediator of disease behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncotarget
September 2024
Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive, Ras-driven sarcomas characterized by loss of the tumor suppressor gene and hyperactivation of MEK and CDK4/6 kinases. MPNSTs lack effective therapies. We recently demonstrated remarkable efficacy of dual CDK4/6-MEK inhibition in mice with MPNSTs, which was heightened by combined targeting of the immune checkpoint protein, PD-L1.
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