Most users of ordnance gelatin for ballistics studies are apparently unaware of the detrimental effects on this tissue simulant's properties caused by excess heating in reconstitution of the gelatin powder. Material published by the Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America states that heating gelatin above 40 degrees C can be detrimental to its properties. The manufacturer of type 250 A Ordnance Gelatin does not include directions for preparation with the gelatin powder. Directions that can be obtained by contacting the manufacturer fail to give any recommendations on the amount of heat applied during gelatin preparation and do not mention the detrimental effects of excess heat. These oversights are corrected in the revised set of directions included in this article.
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J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
November 2024
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address:
Ballistic gelatin has been extensively used in ballistics research for decades, but calibration standards were established on limited datasets, and only few studies have attempted to recreate these experiments with biological tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated better biofidelity with 20% ordnance ballistic gelatin, but researchers have discredited the use of synthetic gelatin claiming different behavior than ordnance gelatin. To investigate the use of synthetic clear gelatin as an acceptable surrogate of biological tissue, depth of penetration was compared between low-velocity impacts of various projectiles into porcine tissue (n = 192), post-mortem human subjects (n = 29), and Clear Ballistics synthetic gelatin (n = 39).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Legal Med
September 2024
Wayne State University, 818 W. Hancock, Detroit, MI, USA.
The use of ordnance gelatine has been widespread in the field of ballistics as a simulant for soft tissue when assessing ballistic threats. However, the traditional method of preparing ordnance gelatine is time-consuming and requires precision to ensure that the final mold meets the required specifications. Furthermore, temperature control is necessary post-production, and there are limitations on its usage duration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Forensic Leg Med
October 2019
Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory, Beijing, 102202, PR China; No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing, 102202, PR China; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
Introduction: Effectiveness and safety assessment for kinetic energy (KE) bullets is of importance, considering numerous reports about excessive damage cases of KE bullets in recent years. Early study of KE impacting targets mainly focused on threshold penetration issue, but did not involve cavity evolution of target and energy transfer. The paper aimed at analyzing cavity evolution and energy transfer during rubber bullet impacting skin-fat-muscle model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int
July 2018
Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address:
Firearm injuries are common in the world today, in both military and civilian settings. Research into the effects different ammunition has on the human body has been conducted using tissue simulants such as Ballistics Ordnance Gelatine. Previous research has found that with low velocity projectiles, the tissue simulants only represent a selected few organs, as the human body and its organs/tissues are not homogeneous.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ R Army Med Corps
August 2018
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Purpose: Ballistic gelatin is commonly used as a validated surrogate for soft tissue during terminal ballistic testing. However, the effect of a delay between production and testing of a gelatin mould remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine any potential effects of ageing on ballistic gelatin.
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