Accurate and cost-effective identification of areas where co-endemic infections occur would enable public health managers to identify opportunities for implementation of integrated control programs. Dried blood spots collected during cross-sectional lymphatic filariasis surveys in coastal Kenya were used for exploratory integrated detection of IgG antibodies against antigens from several parasitic infections (, , spp., , and ) as well as for detection of responses to immunizing agents used against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) (measles, diphtheria, and tetanus) using a multiplex bead assay (MBA) platform. High heterogeneity was observed in antibody responses by pathogen and antigen across the sentinel sites. Antibody seroprevalence against filarial antigens were generally higher in Ndau Island ( < 0.0001), which also had the highest prevalence of filarial antigenemia compared with other communities. Antibody responses to the species antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) were higher in Kilifi and Kwale counties, with Jaribuni community showing higher overall mean seroprevalence ( < 0.0001). Kimorigo community in Taita-Taveta County was the only area where antibody responses against Sm25 recombinant antigen were detected. Seroprevalence rates to antigen NIE ranged between 3% and 26%, and there was high heterogeneity in immune responses against an antigen among the study communities. Differences were observed between communities in terms of seroprevalence to VPDs. Seroprotection to tetanus was generally lower in Kwale County than in other counties. This study has demonstrated that MBA holds promise for rapid integrated monitoring of trends of infections of public health importance in endemic areas.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0365 | DOI Listing |
EMBO Mol Med
January 2025
Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
Studying the human immune system in vivo is challenging and often not possible. Therefore, most human immunology studies have been predominantly confined to peripheral blood analyses, which by themselves have inherent limitations, as many immune reactions take place within tissues. For example, potent antibody responses that contribute to fighting infections and provide protection following vaccination require cellular interactions between B cells and T cells in specialized micro-anatomical structures called germinal centers, which are found in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignal Transduct Target Ther
January 2025
Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well as the capability to evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated as one of the most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization resistance compared to XBB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucosal Immunol
January 2025
The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64700 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Tecnologico, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Electronic address:
Maternal obesity is a condition with increasing prevalence worldwide, that correlates with negative infant outcomes. Here we performed an observational cross-sectional study, where peripheral blood and colostrum samples from 37 mothers with BMI between 18.5-25 or > 30 kg/m (21 and 16 mothers, respectively) were collected 24-48 h postpartum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood
January 2025
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
Most diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with immunotherapies such as bispecific antibodies (BsAb) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells fail to achieve durable treatment responses, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of mechanisms that regulate the immune environment and response to treatment. Here, an integrative, multi-omic approach was applied to multiple large independent datasets in order to characterize DLBCL immune environments, and to define their association with tumor cell-intrinsic genomic alterations and outcomes to CD19-directed CAR T-cell and CD20 x CD3 BsAb therapies. This approach effectively segregated DLBCLs into four immune quadrants (IQ) defined by cell-of-origin and immune-related gene set expression scores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
January 2025
MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Unlabelled: Current influenza vaccination approaches protect against specific viral strains, but do not consistently induce broad and long-lasting protection to the diversity of circulating influenza viruses. Single-cycle viruses delivered to the respiratory tract may offer a promising solution as they safely express a diverse array of viral antigens by undergoing just one round of cell infection in their host and stimulate broadly protective resident memory T-cell responses in the lung. We have previously developed a vaccine candidate called S-FLU, which is limited to a single cycle of infection by inactivation of the hemagglutinin signal sequence and induces a broadly cross-reactive T-cell response and antibodies to neuraminidase, but fails to induce neutralizing antibodies to hemagglutinin after intranasal administration.
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