Bacterial chromosomes are folded to compact DNA and facilitate cellular processes. Studying model bacteria has revealed aspects of chromosome folding that are applicable to many species. Primarily controlled by nucleoid-associated proteins, chromosome folding is hierarchical, from large-scale macrodomains to smaller-scale structures that influence DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. Here we review the environmentally regulated, architectural and regulatory roles of nucleoid-associated proteins and the implications for bacterial cell biology. We also highlight similarities and differences in the chromosome folding mechanisms of bacteria and eukaryotes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41576-019-0185-4 | DOI Listing |
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