Marked advances have been made in the application of hip joint endoprostheses since their extensive dissemination in the early 70's. Implantation material, surface structure, design of the prosthesis and surgical techniques have been better adapted to the biological and biomechanical conditions. Nevertheless, the long-term prognosis remains uncertain, and joint-saving interventions continue to take priority. The possibilities for the application of endoprostheses in cases of degenerative, posttraumatic and congenital changes and tumourous destructions have been improved by extended prostheses and additional measures. Whereas the indication for a prosthesis to save the mobility of the patient is established more frequently for older patients suffering from basic diseases with a limited life expectancy, osteolysis due to bone tumours or metastases, hip-joint replacement in younger patients should always be performed as a last resort, even if the prognosis is better.
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