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Brief communication: virological outcomes and dolutegravir resistance mutations in HIV-infected patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Mozambique.
AIDS Res Ther
January 2025
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
The global HIV epidemic remains a major public health challenge, with DTG playing a key role in ART regimens due to its efficacy and tolerability. This study evaluated virological outcomes and resistance mutations in patients on DTG in Mozambique through a retrospective cohort study in seven DREAM centers. Data from 29,601 patients (98.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of postoperative oxygenation in children receiving sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade: a retrospective cohort study.
Can J Anaesth
January 2025
Outcomes Research Consortium, Houston, TX, USA.
Purpose: Residual neuromuscular blockade can impair postoperative respiratory mechanics, promoting hypoxemia and pulmonary complications. Sugammadex, with its unique mechanism of action, may offer a more effective reversal of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory function than neostigmine. We sought to test the primary hypothesis that children undergoing noncardiac surgery exhibit better initial recovery oxygenation when administered sugammadex than those administered neostigmine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbdominal and Pelvic MRI Protocol Prediction Using Natural Language Processing.
J Imaging Inform Med
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Exam protocoling is a significant non-interpretive task burden for radiologists. The purpose of this work was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) artificial intelligence (AI) solution for automated protocoling of standard abdomen and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams from basic associated order information and patient metadata. This Institutional Review Board exempt retrospective study used de-identified metadata from consecutive adult abdominal and pelvic MRI scans performed at our institution spanning 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAI-Driven Radiology Report Generation for Traumatic Brain Injuries.
J Imaging Inform Med
January 2025
Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Traumatic brain injuries present significant diagnostic challenges in emergency medicine, where the timely interpretation of medical images is crucial for patient outcomes. In this paper, we propose a novel AI-based approach for automatic radiology report generation tailored to cranial trauma cases. Our model integrates an AC-BiFPN with a Transformer architecture to capture and process complex medical imaging data such as CT and MRI scans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DPYD) Genotyping-Guided Fluoropyrimidine-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Clin Drug Investig
January 2025
Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, 3050, Qatar.
Background And Objective: While standard doses of adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapies are generally safe for most patients, the risk of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is increased for those with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DPYD), a genetic variation that affects drug metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine the cost effectiveness of offering DPYD pharmacogenetic-guided care, where genetic testing informs personalized dosing versus the current standard of care (SoC), which involves administering fluoropyrimidine-based therapies without prior genetic screening, for local or metastatic breast cancer patients in Qatar.
Methods: We developed a two-stage decision analysis, with an analytic tree model over a 6-month period, followed by a life-table Markov model over a lifetime horizon.
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