Purpose: The study was conducted to search for confident radiological signs in symptomatic cases of accessory bones. A normal accessory bone appearance on X-ray does not exclude that the accessory bone is the source of the discomfort; because of this, MRI examination can later be applied as part of the diagnosis.
Methods: We retrospectively analysed cases of 64 patients with recognized 70 symptomatic accessory bones of the foot. The average age was 29.2 (range 8-42) years. We included only patients with X-ray and MRI examinations. We investigated the following radiological features of the bone (structural and signal) in relation to soft tissue.
Results: The most constant symptoms identified in our study were bone marrow oedema (93%) and soft tissue oedema (77%). Changes in structures in which accessory bones were located or in adjacent structures to accessory bone were identified: tendon changes 51%, fluid adjacent to bone 51% and tenosynovitis 46%. MRI revealed changes in bone structure that are not seen on X-ray, including changes in contour (28%), sclerosis (3%) or osteonecrosis (3%).
Conclusions: MRI plays an important role in determining whether accessory bones cause symptoms because it shows specific and accurate changes in accessory bone and/or in adjacent soft tissue.
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