Role of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors in Salvage Therapy for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Urol Clin North Am

Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address:

Published: February 2020

Due to significant risks of cancer recurrence and progression, and limited options after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) therapy, there is a critical unmet need to identify novel treatments for those patients with BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer. There is active investigation of immunotherapies which provide both biologic and clinical rationales for indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase inhibitors in salvage therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2019.09.013DOI Listing

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