Association study of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms -3971G/A and +276G/T in the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes in a North Indian Punjabi population.

Objective: To investigate the role of ADIPOQ gene variants (-3971G/A rs822396 and +276G/T rs1501299) with type 2 diabetes risk in a North Indian Punjabi population.

Methods: Adiponectin is one of the most abundant circulating adipocytokines in the human body that plays an important role in the metabolic processes and positively regulates energy homeostasis and insulin secretion. Several studies have provided the evidence of adiponectin gene polymorphisms association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different ethnic populations. A total of 616 subjects including 316 T2DM patients and 300 normal healthy controls from Punjab were genotyped for ADIPOQ polymorphisms (rs822396 and rs1501299) by using a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Anthropometric, physiometric, and biochemical measurements were taken from each participant.

Results: Genotypic frequencies were significantly different in T2DM subjects and healthy controls for both polymorphisms (rs822396 and rs1501299). The risk genotype GG of -3971A/G and TT of +276G/T conferred an approximately twofold risk towards the development of T2DM and were found to be significantly higher in T2DM cases than control subjects (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019, respectively, after the Bonferroni correction). The recessive model of the ADIPOQ polymorphism rs822396 was significantly shown to confer a 3.63-fold risk towards type 2 diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors and Bonferroni correction [odds ratio (OR): 3.63 (1.20-10.96), p = 0.022]. rs1501299 gave a 3.82-fold risk towards development of T2DM but was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction [OR: 3.82 (1.16-12.55), p = 0.027]. Meta-analysis also illustrated the overall effect of the minor allele of rs822396 (-3971A/G) polymorphism, providing a greater risk for the T2DM development.

Conclusion: Thus, we concluded on the basis of observed results that the ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms rs822396 and rs1501299 plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes in North Indian Punjabi population.