Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. The M2 macrophages are further sub-categorized into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d subtypes. The M2a, M2b, and M2c subtypes play roles in anti-inflammatory activity, tissue remodeling, type 2 T helper cell (Th2) activation, and immunoregulation. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can affect some disease processes. Exosomes are 30-150-nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells, with important biological functions. The role of exosomes in preventing the development of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has evoked increasing interest. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2a, M2b, and M2c macrophage phenotypes in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of different types of macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and NanoSight. The results showed that M2b macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleens of mice with colitis and levels of IL-4 both increased following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. In addition, key cytokines associated with colitis (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A) were significantly suppressed, following treatment with M2b macrophage exosomes. The M2b macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on DSS-induced colitis, mainly mediated by the CC chemokine 1 (CCL1)/CCR8 axis. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of IBD.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843072 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02346 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cell Membrane-Integrated Neuroligin-1 Regulates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of CRC Cell-Derived Exosomes.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant cell types in the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME). CRC cell-derived exosomes support macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype, which leads to tumor growth and metastasis. Neuroligin 1 (NLG1) is a transmembrane protein critical in synaptic function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthanol Disrupts the Protective Crosstalk Between Macrophages and HBV-Infected Hepatocytes.
Biomolecules
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
About 296 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection, and outcomes to end-stage liver diseases are potentiated by alcohol. HBV replicates in hepatocytes, but other liver non-parenchymal cells can sense the virus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of macrophages on HBV marker and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expressions in hepatocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Exosome miR-494 on Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Trophoblastic Cells by Regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Pathway.
Ann Clin Lab Sci
November 2024
Department of Pathology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
Objective: To investigate the effects of the exosomal miR-494 targeting phospholipinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/rapamycin target protein (mTOR) pathway on proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells.
Methods: Decidual macrophages were randomly divided into control group, mimic NC group, miR-494 mimic group, inhibitor NC group, and miR-494 inhibitor group. Each group was transfected with corresponding miR-494 mimic NC, miR-494 mimic, and inhibitor NC and miR-494 inhibitor, while the cells of control group were only replaced with fresh medium.
Remodeling the Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Osteoarthritis through Interleukin-1 Beta Tailored Exosome Cargo for Inflammatory Regulation and Cartilage Regeneration.
ACS Nano
January 2025
National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
Osteoarthritis (OA) presents a significant therapeutic challenge, with few options for preserving joint cartilage and repairing associated tissue damage. Inflammation is a pivotal factor in OA-induced cartilage deterioration and synovial inflammation. Recently, exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs) have gained recognition as a promising noncellular therapeutic modality, but their use is hindered by the challenge of harvesting a sufficient number of exosomes with effective therapeutic efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to explore the prognostic features and immune landscape of exosome-related genes in breast cancer metastasis.
Ann Med
December 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China.
Objective: This study aims to explore the role of exosome-related genes in breast cancer (BRCA) metastasis by integrating RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from BRCA samples and to develop a reliable prognostic model.
Methods: Initially, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on exosome-related genes from the BRCA cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Three prognostic genes (JUP, CAPZA1 and ARVCF) were identified through univariate Cox regression and Lasso-Cox regression analyses, and a metastasis-related risk score model was established based on these genes.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!