Background: Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.
Methods: The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.
Results: This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).
Conclusion: It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666191026105308 | DOI Listing |
J Neurosurg
January 2025
Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.
The infiltrative and diffuse nature of gliomas makes complete resection unfeasible. Unfortunately, regions of brain parenchyma with residual, infiltrative tumor are protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making systemic chemotherapies, small-molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies of limited efficacy. Low-frequency focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with intravascular microbubbles can be used to disrupt the BBB transiently and selectively within the tumor and peritumoral region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Growing evidence supports the importance of extracellular vesicle (EV) as mediators of communication in pathological processes, including those underlying respiratory disease. However, establishing methods for isolating and characterizing EVs remains challenging, particularly for respiratory samples. This study set out to address this challenge by comparing different EV isolation methods and evaluating their impacts on EV yield, markers of purity, and proteomic signatures, utilizing equine/horse bronchoalveolar lavage samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Eye Res
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Purpose: This study aims to conduct a mini review of published literature concerning the role of exosomes in the field of ophthalmology, with a specific focus on Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
Methods: In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications. Additionally, trials submitted to clinicaltrials.
Adv Healthc Mater
January 2025
Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
Efficient drug delivery remains a significant challenge in modern medicine and pharmaceutical research. Micrometer-scale robots have recently emerged as a promising solution to enhance the precision of drug administration through remotely controlled navigation within microvascular networks. Real-time tracking is crucial for accurate guidance and confirmation of target arrival.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater
February 2025
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Application of one-dimensional nanofibers have witnessed exponential growth over the past few decades and are still emerging with their excellent physicochemical and electrical properties. The driving force behind this intriguing transition lies in their unique high surface-to-volume ratio, ubiquitous nanodomains, improved tensile strength, and flexibility to incorporate deliberate functionalities required for specific and advanced applications. Besides numerous benefits, nanomaterials may adversely interact with biological tissues and potentially be cytotoxic and carcinogenic.
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