Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii - Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Published: April 2020
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Increased negative immune checkpoint receptors (NCR) on T cells are linked to T cell exhaustion, dysfunctional effector responses, and HIV viral persistence. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent used for diabetes, may have previously unrecognized beneficial immunologic effects. Using cryopreserved blood from a 24-week pilot study involving 12 virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals randomized 1:1 to metformin versus observation (OBS), we assessed change in the frequencies of T cell activation (CD38HLA-DR) and NCR [programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), and T cell mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3)]. No differences in 24-week change were seen between arms in CD4 or CD8 T cells, in the CD4/CD8 ratio, or in activated (CD38HLA-DR) CD4 or CD8 T cells. However, metformin over 24 weeks led to decreases compared with OBS in single PD1 (percent decrease: -9.6% vs. 7.5%, = .015), in dual PD1TIGIT (-15.0% vs. 10.4%, = .002), and in triple PD1TIGITTIM3 (-24.0% vs. 8.1%, = .041) CD4 T cells. Metformin led to no changes in CD8 T cell NCR frequencies. Metformin decreases the frequency of PD1, PD1TIGIT, and PD1TIGITTIM3 expressing CD4 T cells. This may have relevance to HIV cure strategies and to efforts to mitigate the risk of chronic complications of HIV.
Macrophages are versatile myeloid leukocytes with flexible cellular states to perform diverse tissue functions beyond immunity. This plasticity is however often hijacked by diseases to promote pathology. Scanning kinetics of macrophage states by single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we observed atopic dermatitis drastically exhausted a resident subtype S1.
Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and () co-infection presents a significant public health challenge worldwide. Comprehensive assessment of the immune response in HIV/ co-infection is complex and challenging. CD8T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response to both HIV and .
State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background: To determine the role of N-methyladenosine (mA) modification in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), as well as their association with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods: Consensus clustering was performed to identify the subgroups with distinct immune or mA modification patterns using profiles from TCGA. A risk score model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and validated in two independent cohorts and LUAD tissue microarrays.
Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
The immune system relies on a delicate balance between attacking harmful pathogens and preserving the body's own tissues, a balance maintained by immune checkpoints. These checkpoints play a critical role in preventing autoimmune diseases by restraining excessive immune responses while allowing the immune system to recognize and destroy abnormal cells, such as tumors. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become central to cancer therapy, enabling the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells that evade detection.
