Proteomic, metabolic and immunological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Mansonic schistosomiasis is a neglected disease transmitted by Biomphalaria spp. snails. Understanding what happens inside the intermediate host is important to develop more efficient ways of reducing schistosomiasis prevalence. Our purpose was to characterize metabolic and immunological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata 24 h after exposure to Schistosoma mansoni. For this purpose, proteins were extracted from snails' whole tissue with Tris-Urea buffer and digested with tripsin. Mass spectrometry was performed and analyzed with MaxQuant and Perseus software. Also, the hemolymph of five snails 24 h post exposure was collected, and the numbers of hemocytes, levels of urea, uric acid, nitric oxide, calcium, glycogen and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases activities were assessed. Snails were also dissected for measurement of glycogen content in the cephalopodal region and gonoda-digestive gland complex. Globin domain proteins were found to be up-regulated; also the number of circulating hemocytes was significantly higher after 24 h of exposure to the parasite. NO levels were higher 24 h post exposure. Several proteins associated with energy metabolism were found to be up-regulated. Glycogen analysis showed a significant decrease in the gonad-digestive gland complex glycogen content. We found several proteins which seem to be associated with the host immune response, most of which were up-regulated, however some were down-regulated, which may represent an important clue in understanding B. glabrata - S. mansoni compatibility.