AI Article Synopsis
- Acute naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (MWD) in rats leads to conditioned place aversion and somatic withdrawal reactions, such as nausea-like symptoms and weight loss.
- A fatty acid amide named N-oleoylglycine (OlGly) was found to reduce these withdrawal symptoms through mechanisms involving cannabinoid 1 (CB) receptors and PPARα activation.
- The study suggests that the negative effects of naloxone-induced MWD are related to nausea, and OlGly can help alleviate this discomfort.
Article Abstract
Rationale: Acute naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (MWD) produces a conditioned place aversion (CPA) in rats even after one or two exposures to high-dose (20 mg/kg, sc) morphine followed 24-h later by naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc). However, the somatic withdrawal reactions produced by acute naloxone-precipitated MWD in rats have not been investigated. A recently discovered fatty acid amide, N-oleoylglycine (OlGly), which has been suggested to act as a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor and as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, was previously shown to interfere with a naloxone-precipitated MWD-induced CPA in rats.
Objectives: The aims of these studies were to examine the somatic withdrawal responses produced by acute naloxone-precipitated MWD and determine whether OlGly can also interfere with these responses.
Results: Here, we report that following two exposures to morphine (20 mg/kg, sc) each followed by naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc) 24 h later, rats display nausea-like somatic reactions of lying flattened on belly, abdominal contractions and diarrhea, and display increased mouthing movements and loss of body weight. OlGly (5 mg/kg, ip) interfered with naloxone-precipitated MWD-induced abdominal contractions, lying on belly, diarrhea and mouthing movements in male Sprague-Dawley rats, by both a cannabinoid 1 (CB) and a PPARα mechanism of action. Since these withdrawal reactions are symptomatic of nausea, we evaluated the potential of OlGly to interfere with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced and MWD-induced conditioned gaping in rats, a selective measure of nausea; the suppression of MWD-induced gaping reactions by OlGly was both CB and PPARα mediated.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the aversive effects of acute naloxone-precipitated MWD reflect nausea, which is suppressed by OlGly.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05373-2 | DOI Listing |
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