AI Article Synopsis

  • The effects of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum on American kestrels were studied, showing dose-dependent negative health impacts including hemorrhage and prolonged blood clotting after exposure.
  • After a 7-day period of exposure, while kestrels' blood clotting times returned to normal within a week, traces of brodifacoum remained in their organs for much longer, indicating a long-lasting impact.
  • Further investigation into the risk of repeated exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides revealed that kestrels exposed to brodifacoum had significantly increased toxicity when later exposed to another rodenticide, emphasizing the need to consider cumulative toxic effects in wildlife risk assessments.

Article Abstract

A seminal question in ecotoxicology is the extent to which contaminant exposure evokes prolonged effects on physiological function and fitness. A series of studies were undertaken with American kestrels ingesting environmentally realistic concentrations of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) brodifacoum. Kestrels fed brodifacoum at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 µg/g diet wet weight for 7 d exhibited dose-dependent hemorrhage, histopathological lesions, and coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin and Russell's viper venom times). Following termination of a 7-d exposure to 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g diet, prolonged blood clotting time returned to baseline values within 1 wk, but brodifacoum residues in liver and kidney persisted during the 28-d recovery period (terminal half-life estimates >50 d). To examine the hazard of sequential anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure, kestrels were exposed to either the first-generation AR chlorophacinone (1.5 µg/g diet) or the SGAR brodifacoum (0.5 µg/g diet) for 7 d and, following a recovery period, challenged with a low dose of chlorophacinone (0.75 µg/g diet) for 7 d. In brodifacoum-exposed kestrels, the challenge exposure clearly prolonged prothrombin time compared to naive controls and kestrels previously exposed to chlorophacinone. These data provide evidence that the SGAR brodifacoum may have prolonged effects that increase the toxicity of subsequent AR exposure. Because free-ranging predatory and scavenging wildlife are often repeatedly exposed to ARs, such protracted toxicological effects need to be considered in hazard and risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:468-481. © 2020 SETAC.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4629DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

anticoagulant rodenticide
12
sgar brodifacoum
12
american kestrels
8
rodenticide exposure
8
prolonged effects
8
prolonged prothrombin
8
recovery period
8
kestrels exposed
8
diet 7 d
8
brodifacoum
6

Similar Publications

Risk of mortality between warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants: population-based cohort studies.

BMC Med

December 2024

Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with an older alternative, warfarin using primary care data in the United Kingdom (UK). However, other studies observed contradictory findings. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between mortality and warfarin, compared with DOACs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of six anticoagulant rodenticides using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

J Chromatogr A

December 2024

I. U. CINQUIMA, Analytical Chemistry Group (TESEA), Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid 47011, Valladolid, Spain. Electronic address:

The simultaneous separation of the enantiomers of six anticoagulant rodenticides, derived from 4-hydroxycoumarin, has been studied in this work. Ten different stationary phases (zwitterionic, Pirkle-type, polysaccharides and macrocyclic antibiotics derivatives) were evaluated by using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to two different detectors (circular dichroism and mass spectrometry-single quadrupole). The effect of the type of organic modifier and temperature on the chiral separation was investigated, and the best results were obtained with the column Regis S,S-Whelk-O1 at 25 °C when using a gradient elution program with methanol as organic modifier.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Adverse drug responses (ADRs) result in over 7,000 deaths annually. Pharmacogenomic studies have shown that many ADRs are partially attributable to genetics. However, emerging data suggest that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation (DNAm) also contribute to this variance.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke reduction in atrial fibrillation (AF) varies by race and geography within the United States. We seek to better understand the relationship between OAC underutilization, race, and US geography.

Methods: Patients with AF were selected from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Acute long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in pregnancy: a case report.

Front Pharmacol

November 2024

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Brodifacoum is a highly effective rodent poison that can cause serious bleeding issues (coagulopathy), but its effects during pregnancy are not well documented.
  • A case study reported a pregnant woman experiencing severe bleeding due to brodifacoum poisoning, leading to serious complications and the loss of the fetus.
  • Effective management of brodifacoum poisoning is essential, with timely recognition and treatment (like vitamin K1) needed to improve outcomes for pregnant patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!